Salt Plains was established in 1930 "as a refuge and breeding ground for birds." It provides habitat for approximately 300 species of birds and 30 species of mammals. The 32,030 acres is divided into almost equal parts of nonvegetated salt flat, open water, and vegetated land (marsh, woods, grasslands, and wetland). Many ponds and marshes have been built to encourage the growth of wild millet, alkali bulrush, smartweed, and other moist sold plants that waterfowl use for food.

A large diversity of birds and mammals are found on the refuge year round. Species such as the white-tailed deer, bobwhite quail, and the cardinal are likely to be observed anytime. Winter seasonal visitors include ducks, geese, cranes, and bald eagles. Summer brings endangered interior least terns, egrets, herons, and pelicans among others. Peak fall and spring migration of ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes on the refuge can number nearly 100,000 birds.

Abundant channel catfish are present in the lake and streams for the avid angler. All activities on refuge lands and water are strictly controlled; please consult regulations.

From the 20 foot tall Salt Flat Observation Tower, thousands of gulls, pelicans, cranes, and waterfowl can be observed during winter months. The lake shoreline is a favorite resting area for endangered whooping cranes during migration.

Activities on the refuge are strictly controlled with many areas closed from October 15 through April 1. Please contact the office for assistance in determining allowable activities.